Wifedom

March 1, 2023

In Wifedom, the Samuel Johnson Prize--winning Funder investigates Eileen O'Shaughnessy, wife of George Orwell, showing how she both shaped his work and saved his life. Prepub Alert.

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Starred review from June 26, 2023
Eileen O’Shaughnessy, George Orwell’s first wife, takes center stage in this potent biography. Funder (Stasiland), a former human rights lawyer, suggests that O’Shaughnessy, who married Orwell in 1936 and stayed with him until her death nine years later from a botched hysterectomy, was crucial to Orwell’s success; she typed and edited his manuscripts, managed his correspondence, cooked his meals, nursed him through ill health, tolerated his sexual affairs, and even cleaned the outhouse at their country home. According to Funder, she also directly influenced some of her husband’s most famous work, encouraging him to express his criticism of Stalinism as a satirical novel (Animal Farm) instead of the essay he had planned, and possibly inspiring 1984 with her poem “End of the Century, 1984,” about “a dystopian future of telepathy and mind control.” Funder pulls no punches when discussing Orwell’s cruelty, taking him to task for allegedly demanding that O’Shaughnessy let him sleep with one of the “young Arab girls” he had been eyeing while the pair were traveling in Morocco. Stylistic flourishes enhance the account, most notably the novelistic interludes interspersing Funder’s narration with first-person passages drawn from O’Shaughnessy’s letters that recreate scenes from her life, such as lying ill in London while the city was bombed during WWII. Full of keen psychological insight and eloquent prose, this shines. Photos.

Starred review from June 15, 2023
An electrifying biography of George Orwell's first wife. In 2017, Funder, author of Stasiland and All That I Am, found herself embarking on a massive Orwell reading project in an effort to excavate herself from the domestic drudgery that seemed to be dominating her life. Coming across a strange passage in Orwell's private notebook that cites the "incorrigible dirtiness & untidiness" and "terrible, devouring sexuality" of married women, Funder sought more information about Orwell's first wife, Eileen O'Shaughnessy (1905-1945), an Oxford graduate and working woman. As the author notes, she is a somewhat inscrutable figure in the major male-authored biographies of Orwell. This book is not a traditional biography but rather a pastiche of Eileen's letters to her friend Norah Symes, Funder's invented scenes of the Orwells' lives, and a first-person account of Funder's own life as the mother of teenage daughters as the "revelations of #MeToo erupt," a time of "unspeakable truths." Eileen is a worthy subject in her own right, but the author ably depicts the balance of power between the Orwells, particularly the way George wrote Eileen out of the narrative. With a combination of excitement and indignation, Funder recounts how, during Orwell's stint in the Spanish Civil War, Eileen, who had followed her husband to Spain, was doing complicated and dangerous work in the office of the Independent Labour Party, producing its English-language newspaper and radio program. Funder creates a convincing, vivid portrait of Eileen as an irreplaceable font of unpaid labor for George. Not only did she take care of domestic affairs; she also edited and typed for him, prioritized his work above all else, and suffered through his many extramarital affairs (on the latter note, the author rejects the oft-repeated notion that the Orwells had an open marriage). Daring in both form and content, Funder's book is a nuanced, sophisticated literary achievement. A sharp, captivating look at a complicated relationship and a resurrection of a vital figure in Orwell's life.

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Starred review from July 1, 2023
Australian writer Funder's creative life was being crushed beneath the "motherload of wifedom." For an antidote, she turned to one of her favorite writers, George Orwell, rereading his inspiring work and "six major biographies" only to find herself wondering about the glaring absence of his first wife, Eileen O'Shaughnessy. By dint of extensive research and literary daring, Funder retrieves Eileen from the shadows in a provocative mix of facts and "a fiction that tries not to lie," using her remarkable subject's vivid letters as prompts for imagined scenes that fill the maddening gaps in Orwell's autobiographical accounts and those of his biographers. Eileen emerges as a brilliant, funny, resourceful, stoic, hard-working Oxford graduate whose dystopian poem, "1984," published in 1934, is but one of many of her crucial influences on George's work. She also saved lives in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War, kept body and soul together for her often ailing and cruelly unfaithful husband, and worked during WWII at the Ministry of Information and the BBC as bombs exploded and her precarious health eroded, leading to her death at 39. Laced with personal reflections and charged with a searing critique of the patriarchy and its smothering of women's lives and legacies, Funder's gripping and insightful portrait of the hidden Eileen Orwell is incandescent.

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May 9, 2023
When researching a new book on George Orwell, powerhouse writer Anna Funder noticed an interesting omission—Eileen Orwell, George’s first wife, was curiously absent. The basis of Wifedom is six newly discovered letters from Eileen to her best friend, Norah. It incorporates other letters and facts from the Orwells’ lives and Funder’s exquisite imagining of Eileen’s days. By reading between the lines, piecing together letters, clues and mentions in other people’s diaries, and analysing George’s books and biographies, Funder conjures Eileen as intelligent, funny, dry and self-effacing. Through this process, she provides insight into Orwell that other biographers staunchly avoid mentioning: his womanising, his weakness, his cruelty, and his selfishness. Wifedom also includes the author’s reflections and questions about creative expression and the nature of art. What do you do when your favourite author was a misogynist? What does that mean for you as a reader, writer and wife? What are the conditions required to create art? Are you the wife or the writer? Can you ever be both? In its innovation and coherence, it is reminiscent of Erik Larson’s In the Garden of Beasts or Julian Barnes’s The Noise of Time. This intriguing work is a mix of styles and genres, blending academic research, literary reading and philosophical reflection into a riveting biography that not only rediscovers Eileen and paints a picture of a volatile period of history but also poses questions about what we value in art.